Why do office chairs have armrests?

Most of us tend to ignore armrests when choosing an office chair. Instead, we prefer to focus on areas that give comfort and support, like the backrest and seat of the chair. But even though office chair armrests go largely unnoticed, they&#;re also surprisingly controversial. 

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Do they offer additional arm support or could they contribute to conditions like tendonitis?

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We've taken a closer look at the pros and cons of office chair armrests, and our conclusions may not be quite what you&#;d expect&#;

Benefits of office chair armrests

First, let's explore the reasons why you should consider armrests for your office chair:

Strain reduction on your arms and hands

Did you know that the arms and hands comprise around 12% of your total body weight? Armrests can help to reduce the strain by placing your arms and hands in the correct, relaxed position.

Back support

Similarly, well-configured office chair armrests can help to reduce the load on the spine and stop you from slouching. In turn, this can help to prevent back problems &#; which many DSE workers are prone to.

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Posture stabilisation

By providing support for the shoulders, arms, hands and upper body, armrests can improve overall comfort and support posture stabilisation. 

Reduced neck and shoulder strain

A study by the Journal of Physical Therapy Science claims that using armrests can help relax the deltoid and upper trapezius muscles that contribute to neck and back pain. Again, these issues are common in people who use display screen equipment (DSE) for prolonged amounts of time each day.

Support when getting out of the chair

Armrests provide much-needed support when getting out of a chair, particularly for older people with joint problems. In addition, the leverage provided by armrests significantly reduces the force required by the knees and hips.

What are the downsides?

While the arguments for office chair armrests seem pretty conclusive, there are downsides to consider. In some situations, they can even be harmful to an ideal ergonomic work environment.

Tendonitis risk

Over-wide armrests often force the elbows to wing out to the side, which means you have to bend your wrists to use your keyboard. Alternatively, you may rest the entire forearm on the armrest and operate the mouse in windshield wiper action. Both positions can lead to tendonitis.

Pivoting

Poorly configured armrests can also force you to pivot forward, with your elbows on the armrests. This moves you out of the neutral sitting position, which is optimum for upper body support.

Preventing desk access

Do your office chair armrests prevent you from reaching the desk? If so, you may be forced to slouch forward to use a mouse or keyboard. It might also mean you have to sit higher or lower than is ideal, just so you can fit the chair armrests under or over the desk. 

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Elbow loading

Using an armrest can often create pressure in the soft tissues of the elbow and arm. As a result, it may lead to ulnar nerve damage (Cubital tunnel syndrome). Ulnar nerve damage is a relatively common desk injury that causes pain, numbness or tingling in the little finger and side of the hand.

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What to look for in armrests

Clearly, there are pros and cons to using office chair armrests. However, if you decide to opt for them, look for the following ergonomic features.

Height adjustability

Ensuring your armrests are height adjustable will allow you to access your workspace easily. For example, your armrests should be within a height range that lets you adjust them to be level with the desk height or low enough to slide underneath.

Length adjustability

Length adjustable armrests adapt to your forearms allowing for a range of postures. However, they should be short enough that your elbows make contact with the armrests when your upper arms are at desk height and your shoulders are relaxed. Armrests shouldn't impede you from getting close to the desk.

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Is the problem persisting? Try reversing the position of your armrests &#; this will make them shorter so they don&#;t inhibit your work.

Width adjustability

Width-adjustable armrests allow your elbows to sit directly beneath your shoulders to alleviate postural problems.

Office chair armrests: necessary or problematic?

At WorkHappy, we believe correctly adjusted, well-configured armrests can be helpful. But in the vast majority of cases, office chair armrests can create more problems than they solve. The correct workstation set-up can be very subjective &#; a chair that works best for you may not be suitable for a colleague. 

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For more Meeting chairs with armrestsinformation, please contact us. We will provide professional answers.

A DSE assessment will look at your desk, chair, and screen configuration and help you find the best office chair option for you &#; whether this involves armrests or not. 

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If you&#;re an employer who&#;s unsure whether your team's office chairs have the right armrests, get in touch with the Workhappy team to arrange a DSE assessment. We offer in-person and virtual DSE assessments, alongside online self-assessments so all your team members can work comfortably and safely. 

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Choosing to have armrests or not on an office chair has been a wide discussion for many years and there are really two schools of thought. The first being that we should use armrests as they support our upper limbs and reduce the amount of load down to our lower back when in a seated posture.  The second being that we should not use armrests as they create risk factors such as shoulder shrugging, contact stress on the forearm and leaning postures.

I would say both of these schools of thought are correct so the best answer to the question as to whether we should we have armrests on our office chair is that it depends! Let me build on this thought process and discuss a few scenarios. There are many, but these are the most common in my experience.

As we have already established in this blog series, the standard desk height of 720mm correlates to the seated elbow height of a 6&#;2&#; male which means those of us who are not that tall having to adjust ourselves to fit to the workstation. What that also means is that the majority of us are sitting too low in our chairs in relation to our desk.

This causes shoulder shrugging and, in this posture, having armrests that support your arms feels quite comfortable because you are not having to hold your arms up to type and mouse. This makes sense. What you may not have considered, though, is that the armrests are supporting your arms and shoulders in a poor posture. So, whilst you may feel supported, you are in fact holding this shoulder shrugging posture throughout the day. This, creates tension across the neck and shoulders and is a potential risk factor for developing a musculoskeletal disorder.

This is a training issue. You have not been educated about how to set up your workstation correctly. When you are seated at the correct height (elbows at desk height), you will find little need to use armrests, other than for a rest break or getting in and out of the chair.

Ok, so let us say that you are actually at the correct height and your natural elbow position is the same height as the desk top. Great. Your shoulders are down and relaxed and elbows by your side. You still feel, though, that it would be nice to have some additional support from armrests.

One of the issues with this is that many people do not know at what height to position their armrests. They typically end up placing them too high, again causing shoulder shrugging.  The other issue might be that your two armrests are set at different heights, causing you to lean to one side throughout the day. What tends to happen here is contact stress on the forearm because you are putting a lot of weight on that one side and forcing your spine and pelvis to be misaligned. This could cause lower back discomfort.

Once again, this is merely a training issue. You just need to be educated properly on how to use armrests, where to position them and how long to use them for. Your armrests are the last things you should adjust on your chair. You should first start by adjusting the height of your chair, followed by the seat depth. You then adjust the lumbar or backrest height and angle. Once these have been adjusted, you can adjust your armrests. The armrests should be positioned at your natural elbow position. When they are properly set, your armrests should sit just under your elbows when your hands are in your lap.

The last scenario might be that you do know how to adjust yourself properly at the workstation. Your chair is comfortable, you are at the right height and your tools are close to you. You now want to use your armrests for some support. The problem is that they are too big so you cannot get close enough to your work tools on the desk. Or perhaps they are positioned too wide so you cannot reach them properly. Or perhaps they have little to no adjustment and are obstructing you from doing your work in an appropriate posture.

This is, in fact, a design issue and is probably the biggest design flaw on office chairs to date. When you are looking for an office chair with armrests,  you should consider where the armrests are positioned on the chair, how big the armrests are, how wide they are set and what adjustments they have. You should be able to sit in your chair and adjust the armrests at the very least in height, in width and they should be ideally positioned near the back of the chair or on the backrest of the chair. If you think about it, our arms are attached to our back. It therefore makes sense for the armrests to be designed in the same position.  You also want to make sure you can get close to your desk without the armrests obstructing you.

Ideally, armrests should be used intermittently throughout the day. The clue is in the name. They are an arm&#;rest so they should be used that way. If you are set up at the correct height and your workstation is well adjusted then you should merely use your armrests as a rest break when taking a call, reading a document or talking to a colleague.

The only time I would advise raising the armrests is when you are using a tablet or mobile  as this will help support your arms and bring the devices closer to your eyes. This will to help avoid discomfort or injury to your neck. I would suggest only doing this for a few minutes at a time.

Making sure the stability of your armrests is good is also important as you may want to use them to get in and out of your office chair. This is particularly helpful if you suffer with lower back discomfort. When you get in and out of a chair without support you can add additional load to the lower back which is not what you want when you are already suffering with discomfort in this area.

To summarise:

Make sure the design of the armrests is appropriate and encourages neutral postures

Set them up at the correct height for the task you are doing

Use them for rest breaks or getting in and out of the chair (providing you are not suffering with a more serious injury whereby the use of armrests may be helpful for a longer period)

How we can help at Osmond Ergonomics

The selection of an appropriate chair ensures physical comfort and is essential in the prevention and management of musculoskeletal pain and injury.

Our comprehensive chair portfolio offers a wide range of seating. Furthermore, our extensive range of bespoke adaptations enables us to cater for those who find standard chair options unsuitable, uncomfortable or simply inadequate.

We are proud to be working with leading manufacturers who not only create excellent products but also place great importance on adopting sustainable methods and processes.

If you would like to discuss your requirements with us please contact us online or call our expert team on 345 .

Kirsty Angerer, The Travelling Ergonomist

Kirsty Angerer is a Certified Professional Ergonomist, Frequent Flyer, Workplace Wellness Advocate, Fitwel Ambassador, and Self-Confessed Ergonomics Nerd. She has worked in the areas of ergonomic program development and training for managers and employees for quite some time, now with a global client base. Travelling the world regularly, she strives to make it a more healthy and comfortable place.

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