Stainless Steel 904L Seamless Pipe | ASTM A312 TP904L ...

ASTM A312 TP 904L Pipe Supplier in India

904L is a highly alloyed, low-carbon, non-stabilized austenitic stainless steel grade. The addition of copper to the 904L Stainless Steel Pipe enhances its resistance to strong reducing acids such as sulfuric acid. Despite its low carbon content, it is easier to produce the AISI 904L Welded Pipe according to ASTM A312 standards. Although the carbon content is lower, these pipes are suitable for high-temperature applications. The significant amount of nickel in ASME SA 312 TP904L makes these pipes perform exceptionally well in elevated conditions. The Stainless Steel 904L Pipe is non-magnetic and exhibits good resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The molybdenum in the alloy minimizes crevice corrosion. The ASTM A312 TP904L is useful for general corrosion applications, especially at moderate to high temperatures.

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Mechanical tests such as transverse or longitudinal tension tests and flattening tests are conducted on the 904L Seamless Pipe to ensure it meets tensile property standards. According to ASTM A312, every 904L Pipe must be heat-treated under prescribed conditions.

EFAB Approved Stainless Steel 904L Pipe Stockist in All Standard Sizes and Wall Thickness

Stainless Steel 904L Pipe

SS 904L Seamless Pipe

ASTM A312 TP904L Welded Pipe

Chemical Composition

Fe, <0.02% C, 19-23% Cr, 23-28% Ni, 4-5% Mo, <2.0% Mn, <1.0% Si, <0.045% P, <0.035% S, 1.0-2.0% Cu

Topics Covered

Introduction
Key Properties
Composition
Mechanical Properties
Physical Properties
Grade Specification Comparison
Possible Alternative Grades
Corrosion Resistance
Heat Resistance
Heat Treatment
Welding
Fabrication
Applications

Introduction

Grade 904L stainless steel is a non-stabilized, low-carbon, high alloy austenitic stainless steel. The alloy includes copper to improve its resistance to strong reducing acids like sulfuric acid. The steel resists stress corrosion cracking and crevice corrosion. Grade 904L is non-magnetic and offers excellent formability, toughness, and weldability.

While grade 904L contains high amounts of costly elements like molybdenum and nickel, many of its applications have been replaced by the more affordable duplex stainless steel 2205.

Key Properties

The following sections describe the properties of flat-rolled products in ASTM B625. Specifications may vary for other products such as bar, tube, and pipe.

Composition

The table below provides the compositional ranges of grade 904L stainless steels:

Table 1: Composition ranges of grade 904L stainless steels

Grade	C	Mn	Si	P	S	Cr	Mo	Ni	Cu
904L	max. 0.02	max. 2.0	max. 1.0	max. 0.045	max. 0.035	19-23	4.0-5.0	23-28	1.0-2.0

Mechanical Properties

The typical mechanical properties of grade 904L stainless steels are shown below:

Table 2: Mechanical properties of grade 904L stainless steels

Grade	Tensile Strength (MPa) min	Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min	Elongation (% in 50mm) min	Hardness	Rockwell B (HR B)	Brinell (HB)
904L	min. 490	min. 220	min. 36	70-90 typical	max. 150

Physical Properties

The physical properties of grade 904L stainless steels are listed below:

Table 3: Typical physical properties of grade 904L stainless steels

Grade	Density (kg/m³)	Elastic Modulus (GPa)	Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (μm/m/°C)	Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K)	Specific Heat 0-100°C (J/kg·K)	Electrical Resistivity (nΩ·m)
904L	7900	190	15	-	500	952

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Grade Specification Comparison

The following table outlines the approximate grade comparisons of 904L stainless steels:

Table 4: Grade specifications of grade 904L stainless steels

Grade	UNS No	Old British	Euronorm	Swedish SS	Japanese JIS	BS	En	No	Name
904L	N08904	904S13	-	1.4539	X1NiCrMoCuN25-20-5	2562	-

Possible Alternative Grades

The suitable alternatives to 904L stainless steels are listed below:

Table 5: Possible alternative grades to grade 904L stainless steels

Grade	Reasons for choosing grade 904L
316L	A lower cost alternative, but with much lower corrosion resistance.
6Mo	A higher resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion is needed.
2205	A similar corrosion resistance, with higher mechanical strength, and at a lower cost. (2205 not suitable for temperatures above 300°C.)
Super duplex	Higher corrosion resistance and strength.

Corrosion Resistance

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Grade 904L stainless steels have excellent resistance to warm seawater and chloride attack. Its high nickel content provides excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The addition of copper improves its resistance to sulfuric acid and other reducing agents in both harsh and mild environments.

Grade 904L's corrosion resistance is intermediate between super austenitic grades, with 6% molybdenum contents, and standard 316L austenitic grades. However, it is less resistant to nitric acid compared to grades 304L and 310L. Solution treatment following cold working is necessary to achieve maximum stress corrosion cracking resistance.

Heat Resistance

Grade 904L stainless steels offer good oxidation resistance but lose structural stability at high temperatures, particularly above 400°C.

Heat Treatment

Grade 904L stainless steels can be solution heat-treated at 1090 to 1175°C, followed by rapid cooling. This thermal treatment is suitable for hardening.

Welding

Grade 904L stainless steels can be welded using all conventional methods without the need for pre-heat or post-weld heat treatments. However, the grade can be prone to hot cracking in restrained weldments. Grade 904L electrodes and rods, used for welding following AS 1554.6 norms, minimize this risk.

Fabrication

Grade 904L stainless steels are high-purity steels with low sulfur content and can be machined using standard methods. They can be bent to small radii under cold conditions. Although subsequent annealing is generally unnecessary, it should be done when the fabrication occurs under severe stress corrosion cracking conditions.

Applications

Major applications of grade 904L stainless steels include:

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• Wiring in electrostatic precipitators
• Oil refinery components
• Seawater cooling devices
• Gas scrubbing plants
• Pulp and paper processing industries
• Acetic, phosphoric, and sulfuric acid processing plants