Nickel Alloys Material Grade

Nickel Alloys

Nickel and nickel alloys are non-ferrous metals with high strength and toughness, excellent corrosion resistance, and superior elevated temperature properties. Products differ in terms of composition, grade, shape, dimensions, and features. Commercially pure, unalloyed, or very low alloy nickel does not contain or contains only very small amounts of alloying elements. By contrast, nickel alloys contain significant amounts of added elements or constituents. Clad or bimetal stock consists of two different alloys that are bonded integrally together. Metal matrix composites have a composite or reinforced metal or alloy matrix filled with a second component, which may be in particulate, chopped fiber, continuous filament, or fabric form. Other unlisted, specialty or proprietary nickel and nickel alloys are also available. These materials are often based on a unique alloy system, use a novel processing technology, or have properties tailored for specific applications.

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Many nickel and nickel alloys meet the compositional standards of the Unified Numbering System (UNS), a specification established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), and metal trade associations such as the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). The UNS assigns metals and alloys a lettered prefix and a five-digit number. Nickel and nickel alloys belong to the UNS N category and have designations such as UNS N. Other standards for nickel and nickel alloys include casting grades, European Norm (EN), American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standards, and U.S. military specifications (MIL-SPEC). QQ and QQS prefixes are used to designate specific MIL-SPEC metals.

Selecting nickel and aluminum alloys requires an analysis of dimensions, production processes, and performance features. Outer diameter (OD), inner diameter (ID), overall length, and overall thickness are important dimensions. Most materials are cast, wrought, extruded, forged, cold-finished, hot-rolled, or formed by compacting powdered metals or alloys. Performance features for nickel and nickel alloys include resistance to corrosion, heat, and wear.

Nickel Alloy Grades &#; Chemical Composition

Alloy #CrNiCMn. Max.Si Max.P Max.S Max.Other Elements Carpenter 20Cb-320.035.00.06 Max.2.01.00..035Cu 3.5, Mo 2.5, Nb+Ta 8xC Min/1.0 Max Haynes 25 (L605)20.010.00.05/0.152.01.0........Co 50.0, W 15.0 Hastelloy B-21.068.00.02 Max.1.00.100.040.03Mo 28.0, Co 1.0 C-.557.00.02 Max.1.00.080.030.03Mo 16.0 Hastelloy X21.847.50.05/0.151.01.00.040.03Mo 9.0, Co 1.5 Inconel ..00.15 Max........................... Inconel .060.50.10 Max.................Al 1.00/1.70 Inconel .561.00.10 Max.................Mo 9.0, Nb+Ta 3.6 Inconel .052.50.08 Max.................Mo 3.0, Nb+Ta 5.1 Incoloy .0 32.50.10 Max........................... Incoloy 825.......................... Monel 400.....66.50.30 Max.................Cu 31.5 Nichrome V20.080.0.............................. Nickel 200.....99.60.15 Max........................... Nickel 201.....99.60.02 Max. ..........................

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Nickel Alloy Grades

 

Inconel Nickel Alloys

Inconel, a robust nickel alloy, is available in wire mesh, perforated metal, expanded metal, and bar grating. Inconel wire mesh is renowned for its superior strength, resistance to extreme temperatures, and corrosion and oxidation resistance, making it ideal for high-stress applications like petrochemical, oil & gas, and chemical processing. Perforated Inconel metal offers high structural integrity, ensuring longevity in corrosive environments. Inconel expanded metal demonstrates increased tensile strength, making it perfect for architectural applications. Lastly, custom Inconel bar grating provides a durable, non-slip surface that remains stable even under intense conditions and is widely utilized in industrial platforms. Each form harnesses Inconel&#;s unique properties, delivering performance-enhanced solutions for diverse industry needs.

Inconel Grades

• Inconel 600 is renowned for its high temperature and corrosion resistance

• Inconel 601 offers enhanced resistance to high-temperature oxidation

• Inconel 625 excels in terms of its fatigue and stress-corrosion cracking resistance

Monel 400 Nickel Alloys

Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy known for its superior strength and excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in marine and chemical environments. With a composition of approximately 67% nickel and 23% copper, this alloy exhibits notable resistance to a wide range of corrosive conditions, including saltwater, acidic and alkaline substances. It also possesses high thermal conductivity and maintains its strength even at very low temperatures, making it a versatile material for numerous industries such as marine engineering, chemical processing, and oil & gas.

Incoloy 800 and 825

Incoloy 800 and Incoloy 825 are part of the renowned family of nickel-iron-chromium alloys known for their exceptional corrosion resistance and ability to withstand high temperatures. These alloys are meticulously designed to offer a robust combination of strength, durability, and oxidation resistance. The predominant elements in their composition&#;nickel, iron, and chromium&#;play crucial roles in enhancing their properties. Nickel provides remarkable resistance to both high temperatures and corrosive environments, making these alloys suitable for various demanding industrial applications. Chromium contributes to their oxidation resistance, while iron reinforces their structural integrity, adding to their overall toughness.

Incoloy 800, known for its stability and strength in high-temperature environments, is commonly used in applications where resistance to heat and corrosion is paramount. This includes the construction of heat exchangers, furnace components, and petrochemical processing equipment. Its ability to maintain structural integrity under high-temperature conditions makes it ideal for nuclear power plants and industrial heating elements.

In contrast, Incoloy 825 is particularly noted for its enhanced resistance to aqueous corrosion. It finds its applications in industries such as chemical processing, pollution control, and oil and gas recovery, where it is used for acid production equipment, oil well piping, and marine exhaust systems.

These alloys are available in Incoloy wire mesh, Incoloy perforated metal, Incoloy expanded metal, and Incoloy grating. Wire mesh and perforated metal are often utilized in filtration and separation processes, providing practical solutions in environments that demand durability and resistance to corrosive elements. Expanded metal and bar grating are employed for structural applications, offering strength and reliability in platforms, walkways, and stair treads, especially in settings that involve exposure to harsh chemicals or high temperatures.

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Nichrome V

Nichrome V is a specialized alloy composed primarily of nickel and chromium, typically containing around 80% nickel and 20% chromium. This unique combination endows the alloy with outstanding resistance to high temperatures and oxidation, making it an ideal material for applications that require enduring performance under heat stress. The high nickel content imparts excellent corrosion resistance and stability at elevated temperatures, while chromium enhances its oxidation resistance and contributes to its strength and durability.

Nichrome V is predominantly used in industries that demand high electrical resistance and thermal stability. One of its most common applications is in the manufacture of heating elements for industrial radiant heaters, electric furnaces, toasters, hair dryers, and other appliances that require consistent heat generation. The alloy&#;s ability to maintain its integrity and resist scaling even at temperatures up to °C makes it a preferred choice for such applications. Furthermore, its stability and reliability under thermal cycling conditions ensure long service life and efficiency, reducing maintenance costs and downtime.

Nichrome V woven wire mesh is particularly useful in the fields of filtration and separation, where it can withstand corrosive environments and high temperatures without degrading. Additionally, the mesh is utilized in the aerospace and automotive industries for applications such as mufflers and catalytic converters, where both heat resistance and structural integrity are essential. The exceptional properties of Nichrome V, combined with its availability in wire mesh form, make it a critical material for demanding applications that require resilience and reliability in harsh conditions.

Hastelloy C276

Hastelloy C276 is a highly regarded nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy known for its exceptional resistance to corrosion and high-temperature environments. The alloy&#;s composition includes a significant amount of nickel, which enhances its corrosion resistance, particularly against reducing agents. Molybdenum contributes to the alloy&#;s ability to withstand pitting and crevice corrosion, while chromium provides resistance to oxidizing media. These elements combine to make Hastelloy C276 one of the most reliable materials for applications requiring durability and robustness in harsh conditions.

Alloy 20

Alloy 20, also known as Carpenter 20, is a nickel-iron-chromium alloy that is specifically designed to offer superior resistance to acid attack, particularly sulfuric acid. The alloy&#;s composition includes nickel, chromium, and molybdenum as its key elements. Nickel is crucial in enhancing its resistance to general corrosion, while chromium contributes to its oxidizing resistance. Molybdenum, on the other hand, provides added protection against pitting and crevice corrosion. This combination of elements makes Alloy 20 an excellent choice for applications that require durability in harsh chemical environments.

Nickel 200

Nickel 200 is a commercially pure wrought nickel alloy, composed of at least 99.6% nickel. This high nickel content is pivotal in imparting several advantageous properties to the alloy, including excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in reducing environments. The purity of Nickel 200 ensures superior performance against a wide range of corrosive substances, such as alkalis and certain acids, making it a preferred choice in industrial settings where chemical exposure is a concern. Additionally, Nickel 200 exhibits remarkable mechanical properties, such as high ductility and toughness, even at sub-zero temperatures.

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About 60% of the nickel in the world ends up as a component of stainless steel. It is selected because of its strength, toughness, and resistance to corrosion.  Duplex stainless steels typically contain about 5% nickel, austenitics around 10% nickel, and the super austenitics over 20%. Heat resistant grades often contain over 35% nickel.  Nickel-based alloys generally contain 50% nickel or more. 

Nickel Alloy Material Properties

In addition to a majority nickel content, these materials and may contain significant amounts of chromium and molybdenum. Nickel-based metals were developed to provide greater strength at high temperatures, and greater corrosion resistance than could be obtained from iron and steel. They are significantly more expensive than ferrous metals; but because of their long life, nickel alloys may be the most cost-effective long term material selection.

Special nickel based-alloys are widely used for their corrosion resistance and properties at dramatically elevated temperature. Whenever unusually severe conditions are expected one could consider these alloys because of their unique resistance properties. Each of these alloys is balanced with nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and other elements.

There are thousands of applications for nickel as a material and nickel-based alloys. A small sampling of those uses would include:

• Defense, especially marine applications
• Energy generation
• Gas turbines, both flight, and land-based, especially for high-temperature exhaust
• Industrial furnaces and heat exchangers
• Food preparation equipment
• Medical equipment
• In nickel plating, for corrosion resistance
• As a catalyst for chemical reactions

It is worth understanding how nickel-based materials may be an effective solution for those applications requiring high temperature corrosion resistance.

For guidance in selecting the appropriate nickel-based alloy in your application, contact us.

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