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The Progression of the Ball Valve

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In , John Warren and John C. Chapman applied for a patent to what is considered the first ball valve design in the United States (see Figure 3). Their design, also a quarter-turn valve, is very similar to that of the original plug valve. The primary difference is that, instead of a plug, there is a hollow sphere set between two seats. The surface area of contact between ball and seat is considerably less than in the case of the plug valve, making it easier to operate, as there is less friction. The only drawback of ball valves is that the ball and seats require more complex machining to achieve proper sealing.

The problem Warren and Chapman were trying to solve with their design was thermal lock; as plug valves were used in steam applications, heat could cause parts to expand and seize the valve, preventing operation. As they elegantly put it: &#;To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe the manner in which I have carried it out&#; When the valve is closed the introduction of steam into the pipe forces the ball against the opposite side of the cock and thus completely and perfectly prevents the escape of the steam. It is evident, however, from the description thus given of my invention, that the heat of the steam thus brought in contact with the valve cannot, in the slightest, affect its easy working, or cause either the valve or its seat to wear, as is always the case with the plug-cock, which fits tightly in its seat, and which necessarily expands more than the body of the cock when brought in contact with the steam, thus rendering its control frequently difficult and causing it to wear.&#;3

The new design was not to be widely adopted. Lack of polymer seats (which have not been invented yet) caused frequent leaks and thus relegated the ball valve to relative obscurity. 30 years after the discovery of PTFE (Teflon) in the s, the design was revisited. The US Navy commissioned a study to develop more compact and lighter valves than the gate and globe valves used in submarines. The new, improved design (see Figure 4) is the basis for the modern ball valves seen today. As submarines are a very niche application, they did not help popularize the use of ball valve.

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Top 10 Free Accounting and Bookkeeping Apps for Small Businesses

Maintaining a proper record of your money is important for any business whether it is small or large. It helps you stay one step ahead in the financial race and be aware of your earnings and any tax obligations. However, managing finances without an entire accounting staff can be challenging for small businesses. Accounting apps can help with that! They resemble your private money manager. They organize all of your transactions automatically as soon as you link them to your corporate bank account. Additionally, they are compatible with your , allowing you to monitor your finances from anywhere. Cool, right? Thus, we&#;ll be looking at several fantastic accounting apps in this blog that will help you develop your business and save time.

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