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What is Cold Rolled Steel?

Steel Foundations

A cold rolled coil (CR or CRC) is the flat product of the cold rolling mill.

Starting with a pickled and oiled hot rolled coil, the cold rolling process unrolls the metal coil and passes it between a set of work rolls, where the compressive force of the rolls reduces the thickness of the metal.  Unlike hot rolling where the metal is red hot, this process is done at room temperature, which is why it is referred to as “cold” rolling.

The reduction in thickness hardens the metal, which increases the dislocation density of the metal’s internal microstructure.  This increases the strength of the metal, but it also increases its brittleness.  Therefore, many cold roll processes are followed by an annealing process to soften or “temper” the metal’s microstructure and to relieve the internal stresses created during the process.

Cold rolling is done on a cold roll mill, which is composed of an entry end uncoiler, a cold rolling mill stand or stands, advanced metal thickness control equipment, oiling equipment, and an exit end recoiler.  In addition to steel, the cold rolling process can be done to any metal (stainless steel, aluminum, copper, etc.).

The primary purpose of cold rolling is to improve the surface appearance and mechanical properties of a metal coil.

The physical and mechanical properties that are changed during cold rolling include:

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• Decreased material thickness
• Improved thickness accuracy and repeatability
• Improved product surface finish
• Improved product shape and flatness
• Decreased coil memory
• Increased material strength to the desired hardness or temper

Brief overview of cold rolled coil

The cold rolled coil is made of hot rolled coil. In cold rolled process, the hot rolled coil is rolled below the recrystallization temperature, and the generally rolled steel is rolled at room temperature. Steel sheet with high silicon content has low brittleness and low plasticity, and needs to be preheated to 200 °C before cold rolling. Since the cold rolled coil is not heated during the production process, there are no defects such as pitting and iron oxide which are often found in hot rolling, and the surface quality and the finish are good.

Moreover, with high dimensional accuracy of the cold rolled product, and the performance and organization of the product can meet some special use requirements, such as electromagnetic performance, deep drawing performance and the like. Cold rolled coils are used in a wide range of applications, such as automotive manufacturing, electrical products, rolling stock, aviation, precision instruments, and food cans. General specifications: thickness 0.15-3mm, width 550-1530mm, outer diameter of the coil Φ1000-2500mm, inner diameter of the coil Φ410-610mm. Maximum weight: 45 tons.

Cold Rolled Coil Production Process

The cold rolled coil is made of hot rolled coil, and its production process usually passes through main processes such as raw material preparation, cold rolling, heat treatment, leveling and finishing.

Cold Rolled Coil Product performance

The roll and the tablet are almost a cut package. The chilled coil is obtained by pickling and cold rolling the hot rolled coil. It can be said that it is a kind of cold rolled coil. Cold rolled coil (annealed state): The hot rolled coil is obtained by pickling, cold rolling, hood annealing, leveling, (finishing). There are 3 main differences between them:

1. In appearance, the general chilled coil is a bit sloppy.
2. Cold rolled sheets such as surface quality, structure and dimensional accuracy are better than chilled coils.
3. In terms of performance, the chilled coil obtained directly after the cold rolling process of the hot rolled coil is work hardened during cold rolling, resulting in an increase in yield strength and a part of internal stress remaining, and the external appearance is relatively "hard". It is called chilled coil.

Therefore, the yield strength: the chilled coil is larger than the cold-rolled coil (annealed state), so that the cold-rolled coil (annealed state) is more favorable for stamping. Generally, the default delivery status of cold rolled coils is annealed.

Chemical Composition of Cold Rolled Steel Coil:

Steel Grade C Mn P S Al DC01 SPCC ≤0.12 ≤0.60 0.045 0.045 0.020 DC02 SPCD ≤0.10 ≤0.45 0.035 0.035 0.020 DC03 SPCE ≤0.08 ≤0.40 0.030 0.030 0.020 DC04 SPCF ≤0.06 ≤0.35 0.025 0.025 0.015

Mechanical Property of Cold Rolled Steel Coil

Brand Yield strength RcL Mpa Tensile strength Rm Mpa Elongation A80mm % Impact test (longitudinal)   Temperature °C Impact work AKvJ         SPCC ≥195 315-430 ≥33     Q195 ≥195 315-430 ≥33     Q235-B ≥235 375-500 ≥25 20 ≥2

Steel Grades Available and Application:

Material category Baosteel Enterprise Standard National standard Japanese Industrial Standard German industry standard European standard American Society for Testing Materials Standards Remarks   Brand Brand Brand Brand Brand Brand       Cold rolled low carbon and ultra low carbon steel sheets and strips Commercial grade (CQ) SPCCST12 (German standard) Q19510-P10-S08-P08-S08AI-P08AI-S SPCC ST12 FeP01 ASTMA366/A366M-96 (replaced by ASTM A366/A366M-97) Q195 in 1.1GB11253-89 is a common carbon structural steel. 2.2 Such steel can be used for the production of automotive parts, furniture shells, barrel steel furniture and other simple forming, bending or welding products. Stamping level (DQ) SPCDST13 10-Z08-Z08AI-Z SPCD USt13RRSt13 FeP03 ASTMA619/A619M-96 (obsolete after 1997) It can produce parts for stamping and more complex deformation processing such as automobile doors, windows, fenders, and motor casings.   Deep drawing (DDQ) SPCE-FSPCE-HFSPCE-ZFST14-FST14-HFST14-ZFST14-T 08AI-F08AI-HF08AI-ZF SPCE ST14 FeP04 ASTMA620/A620M-96 (replaced by ASTM A620/A620M-97) 1.1. It can produce deep-drawing parts such as automobile front lights, mailboxes, windows, etc., as well as complex and severely deformed parts. 2.2.Q/BQB403-99 The newly added ST14-T is exclusively for Shanghai Volkswagen.   Deep Drilling (SDDQ) ST15       FeP05   It can produce very complicated parts such as car mailboxes, front lights, and complex car floors.   Ultra deep drawing (EDDQ) ST16BSC2 (BIF2) BSC3 (BIF3)       FeP06   1.1. This type is ultra deep-drawn without gaps. 2.2. 1F18 in the FeP06 area agent SEW095 of EN 10130-91.  

Cold rolled coil grade

1. The Chinese brand No. Q195, Q215, Q235, Q275——Q—the code of the yield point (limit) of ordinary carbon structural steel, which is the case of the first Chinese phonetic alphabet of “Qu”; 195, 215, 235, 255, 275 - respectively represent the value of their yield point (limit), the unit: MPa MPa (N / mm2); due to the comprehensive mechanical properties of Q235 steel strength, plasticity, toughness and weldability in ordinary carbon structural steel The most, it can better meet the general requirements of use, so the scope of application is very wide.
2. Japanese brand SPCC - Steel, P-Plate, C-cold, fourth C-common.
3, Germany grade ST12 - ST-steel (Steel), 12-class cold-rolled steel sheet.

Application of cold rolled steel sheet:

The cold-rolled coil has good performance, that is, through cold rolling, cold-rolled strip and steel sheet with thinner thickness and higher precision can be obtained, with high straightness, high surface smoothness, clean and bright surface of cold-rolled sheet, and easy coating. The plated processing, variety, wide use, and the characteristics of high stamping performance and non-aging, low yield point, so cold rolled sheet has a wide range of uses, mainly used in automobiles, printed iron drums, construction, building materials, bicycles, etc. The industry is also the best choice for the production of organic coated steel sheets.

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